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Many other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area needs growth. You can assist by adding to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Though it has achieved some reliability as a religious beliefs in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential transition team soliciting public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious my link Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a business enterprise, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard this contact form appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has site also in the past used aggressive methods in attending to those it views as trying to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.